Although Manchester's cotton industry grew to control 65% of the world's market, nearly everything came through Liverpool.  In the late 19th century it cost 19s 3d to send a ton of cotton material from Manchester to Calcutta of which 12s 6d was incurred getting it to Liverpool and through the port.  This was intolerable to the cotton merchants of Manchester and so, inspired by the eminent Manchester engineer Daniel Adamson, they campaigned for a canal capable of carrying sea-going vessels right into the heart of the city.  Opened in 1894, the Manchester Ship Canal was the greatest work of civil engineering undertaken in the UK in the 19th century.  The Port of Manchester grew to become the fourth largest in Britain and soon other goods outstripped cotton, encouraged by the industrial investment that grew along the canal.  This investment delayed the decay caused by the decline of the textile industries but eventually, as container vessels became too large for the canal, the docks declined rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century.  The derelict port's reinvention as Salford Quays began in the late eighties with an ambitious redevelopment program of offices, residential areas, a major centre of the arts, museum, and a shopping and leisure complex.